

Overview
More than four years into the pandemic, there have been over 774 million confirmed cases of COVID 19 and
over 7 million deaths attributed to it. Compared to the first few years of the pandemic, there has been a
primarily decreasing trend of COVID-19 cases, hospitalizations, and deaths globally, largely due to the
COVID-19 vaccine. However, the emergence of the highly immune-invasive Omicron XBB.1.5 variant and JN.1, the
currently dominating variant worldwide, have caused surges in cases and COVID-19-related hospital
admissions. Due to the lower vaccine efficacy of previous COVID-19 vaccines on newer variants, updated
COVID-19 mRNA vaccines have been formulated and distributed for administration.
This e-learning
module discusses the impact of emerging COVID-19 variants on vaccine effectiveness and reviews the evidence
and recommendations on the use of the 2023-2024 updated COVID-19 mRNA vaccines for confident vaccine
administration by healthcare professionals.
At the end of this module, participants will be able to:
Dr. Kin Wing Choi
Specialist in Infectious Disease
Consultant, CUHK Medical Centre
Keywords: Covid 19, Omicron, JN.1, Covid 19 vaccine, mRNA, vaccine, pandemic